A socket weld fitting involves two different sized pieces of pipe
A Socket Weld fitting is a pipe attachment detail in which a pipe is inserted into a recessed area of a Valve, fitting or flange. In contrast to butt weld fitting, socket weld fitting is mainly used for small pipe diameters (Small Bore Piping); generally for piping whose nominal diameter is NPS 2 or smaller.
To join pipe to Valves and fittings or to other sections of pipe, fillet-type seal welds be used. Socket-welded Joints construction is a good choice wherever the benefits of high leakage integrity and great structural strength are important design considerations.
Fatigue resistance is lower than that in butt-welded construction due to the use of fillet welds and abrupt fitting geometry, but it is still better than that of most mechanical joining methods.
The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a Socket Weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal, and to allow for differential expansion of the mating elements.
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